Table of Contents
TBM Overview
The TKO Tunnel project utilizes two state-of-the-art Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Boring Machines, specifically designed for the challenging underwater conditions and mixed ground geology of the Hong Kong marine environment.
TBM "Pioneer"
Boring from TKO portal towards Lam Tin
TBM "Explorer"
Boring from Lam Tin portal towards TKO
Technical Specifications
Physical Dimensions
| Cutterhead Diameter | 15.2 meters |
| Total Length | 120 meters |
| Total Weight | 4,200 tonnes |
| Shield Length | 12.5 meters |
| Backup Length | 107.5 meters |
Performance Specifications
| Maximum Advance Rate | 15 meters/day |
| Average Advance Rate | 12 meters/day |
| Cutterhead Power | 3,000 kW |
| Thrust Force | 95,000 kN |
| Torque | 20,000 kNm |
Cutting System
Cutterhead Design
The cutterhead features a spoke-type design optimized for mixed ground conditions, including soft marine sediments and harder rock formations. The design incorporates advanced cutting tools and wear-resistant materials for extended operational life.
🔧 Cutting Tools
- 72 disc cutters for hard rock
- 48 scraper tools for soft ground
- Tungsten carbide cutting edges
- Replaceable cutting tool system
⚙️ Drive System
- Variable frequency drive motors
- Planetary gearbox reduction
- Torque monitoring system
- Emergency stop capabilities
🌊 Pressure Control
- Earth pressure balance system
- Foam injection system
- Pressure monitoring sensors
- Automatic pressure adjustment
🔄 Material Handling
- Screw conveyor system
- Muck car transportation
- Automated material removal
- Continuous operation capability
Support Systems
Segment Installation
Automated segment erector with precision positioning:
- 6+1 segment ring configuration
- Vacuum lifting system for segment handling
- Hydraulic positioning with ±2mm accuracy
- Automated bolt insertion and tightening
- Quality control monitoring system
Grouting System
Comprehensive grouting for void filling and waterproofing:
- Tail void grouting system
- Contact grouting capabilities
- Compensation grouting equipment
- Automated mixing and pumping
- Real-time pressure monitoring
Ventilation & Utilities
Essential support systems for continuous operation:
- Primary ventilation system (150 m³/s)
- Emergency ventilation backup
- Compressed air supply (25 bar)
- High-pressure water system
- Electrical power distribution (11kV)
Safety Features
Comprehensive Safety Integration
Safety is paramount in TBM design and operation. Multiple redundant safety systems protect operators and ensure safe tunnel construction in challenging underwater conditions.
Emergency Systems
- Emergency stop systems
- Fire detection and suppression
- Emergency escape routes
- Communication systems
Monitoring Systems
- Ground condition monitoring
- Structural health monitoring
- Gas detection systems
- Vibration monitoring
Operational Safety
- Automated safety interlocks
- Operator training systems
- Maintenance safety protocols
- Risk assessment procedures
Performance Data
Operational Performance Metrics
TBM "Pioneer" Performance
TBM "Explorer" Performance
Monthly Progress Tracking
Cumulative Distance (meters)
Maintenance Requirements
Preventive Maintenance Program
Regular maintenance is critical for optimal TBM performance and safety. Our comprehensive maintenance program includes daily inspections, scheduled maintenance, and condition-based maintenance protocols.
Daily Maintenance
- Cutterhead inspection and cleaning
- Hydraulic system checks
- Lubrication system monitoring
- Safety system verification
- Wear part assessment
Weekly Maintenance
- Detailed cutting tool inspection
- Electrical system testing
- Guidance system calibration
- Backup system functionality checks
- Performance data analysis
Monthly Maintenance
- Major component overhaul
- Cutting tool replacement
- System software updates
- Comprehensive safety audits
- Performance optimization